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At the dawn of World War I, the Krakow Fortress was administratively divided into eight defence perimeters. The first and second defence perimeters were the cities of Krakow and Podgórze, separated by the Vistula River. The natural boundaries of the … Weiterlesen
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At the beginning of 1915, the Austrians learned that the Germans had placed electrified wire obstacles around the forts of the fortress Posen. They formed a special commission to visit these fortifications, including Major Jan Gawin-Niesiołowski from the Cracow Engineering … Weiterlesen
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At the beginning of the 20th century, the Cracows’ ring of fortificatons was supplemented by permanent long-range artillery batteries (German: „Fernkampfbatterie”). Battery 1/Węgrzce was to fire in the direction of the hills between Bosutow and Bolen and combatting potential enemy … Weiterlesen
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Battery 3/Tonie was one of ten fixed batteries constructed in the IV and V defense areas as long-range batteries with infantry annexes on both flanks. It is located near the main fort „Tonie”, on the edge of the Sudoł creek … Weiterlesen
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Fort “Prądnik Biały” was built in 1907-08, as part of the expansion of the so-called new noyau in the fortress of Cracow. The construction of the fort was supervised by Captain Carl Konarski from the Geniedirektion Krakau. Untill recently, the … Weiterlesen
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By 1900 Cracow became the most densely populated city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The construction activities in the city almost ended as they were limited by the 1860-1866 fortifications, and by construction regulations (Bauverbot). Thus negotiations by the municipality, concerning the … Weiterlesen
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Till 1904 named Gürtelhauptwerk 51 ½ „Wróblowice Ost”, it was a detached fort of the outer fortress ring, situated on Vistula’s right bank in the southern area of defense district [Verteidigungsbezirk] number VII b “Piaski Wielkie”. Classified as main fort, served … Weiterlesen
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Winnica (before July 1904 – GZW “53a Winnica”) was a detached fort of the outer fortress ring, situated on Vistula’s right bank in the south-western area of defence, called number VIII “Kobierzyn”. It was classifyed as intermediary fort for close defence. … Weiterlesen
